Vedic religion developed into Brahmanical orthodoxy, and around the beginning of the Common Era, the Vedic tradition formed one of the main constituents of " Hindu synthesis". The Vedic period saw the emergence of a hierarchy of social classes that would remain influential. The end of the Vedic period witnessed the rise of true cities and large states (called mahajanapadas) as well as śramaṇa movements (including Jainism and Buddhism) which challenged the Vedic orthodoxy. During this time, the central Ganges Plain was dominated by a related but non-Vedic culture, of Greater Magadha. The second half of the Vedic period was characterised by the emergence of towns, kingdoms, and a complex social differentiation distinctive to India, and the Kuru Kingdom's codification of orthodox sacrificial ritual. Iron tools were adopted, which allowed for the clearing of forests and the adoption of a more settled, agricultural way of life. 1200–1000 BCE Vedic culture spread eastward to the fertile western Ganges Plain. Early Indo-Aryans were a Late Bronze Age society centred in the Punjab, organised into tribes rather than kingdoms, and primarily sustained by a pastoral way of life.Īround c. The Vedic society was patriarchal and patrilineal.
The Vedas were composed and orally transmitted with precision in this period.
These documents, alongside the corresponding archaeological record, allow for the evolution of the Vedic culture to be traced and inferred. The Vedas contain details of life during this period that have been interpreted to be historical and constitute the primary sources for understanding the period. The Vedas are liturgical texts which formed the basis of modern day Hinduism, which also developed in the Kuru Kingdom. 1300–900 BCE), was composed in the northern Indian subcontinent, between the end of the Urban Indus Valley Civilisation and a second urbanisation which began in the central Indo-Gangetic Plain c. 500 BCE), is the period in the late Bronze Age and early Iron Age of the history of India when the Vedic literature, including the Vedas (ca. Late Vedic period, Kuru Kingdom, Panchala, Videha
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